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Creators/Authors contains: "Alexandrov, Boian S"

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  1. Large Language Models (LLMs) are pre-trained on large-scale corpora and excel in numerous general natural language processing (NLP) tasks, such as question answering (QA). Despite their advanced language capabilities, when it comes to domain-specific and knowledge-intensive tasks, LLMs suffer from hallucinations, knowledge cut-offs, and lack of knowledge attributions. Additionally, fine tuning LLMs' intrinsic knowledge to highly specific domains is an expensive and time consuming process. The retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) process has recently emerged as a method capable of optimization of LLM responses, by referencing them to a predetermined ontology. It was shown that using a Knowledge Graph (KG) ontology for RAG improves the QA accuracy, by taking into account relevant sub-graphs that preserve the information in a structured manner. In this paper, we introduce SMART-SLIC, a highly domain-specific LLM framework, that integrates RAG with KG and a vector store (VS) that store factual domain specific information. Importantly, to avoid hallucinations in the KG, we build these highly domain-specific KGs and VSs without the use of LLMs, but via NLP, data mining, and nonnegative tensor factorization with automatic model selection. Pairing our RAG with a domain-specific: (i) KG (containing structured information), and (ii) VS (containing unstructured information) enables the development of domain-specific chat-bots that attribute the source of information, mitigate hallucinations, lessen the need for fine-tuning, and excel in highly domain-specific question answering tasks. We pair SMART-SLIC with chain-of-thought prompting agents. The framework is designed to be generalizable to adapt to any specific or specialized domain. In this paper, we demonstrate the question answering capabilities of our framework on a corpus of scientific publications on malware analysis and anomaly detection. 
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    Free, publicly-accessible full text available December 18, 2025
  2. Finding the inherent organization in the structure space of a protein molecule is central in many computational studies of proteins. Grouping or clustering tertiary structures of a protein has been leveraged to build representations of the structure-energy landscape, highlight sta- ble and semi-stable structural states, support models of structural dy- namics, and connect them to biological function. Over the years, our laboratory has introduced methods to reveal structural states and build models of state-to-state protein dynamics. These methods have also been shown competitive for an orthogonal problem known as model selection, where model refers to a computed tertiary structure. Building on this work, in this paper we present a novel, tensor factorization-based method that doubles as a non-parametric clustering method. While the method has broad applicability, here we focus and demonstrate its efficacy on the estimation of model accuracy (EMA) problem. The method outperforms state-of-the-art methods, including single-model methods that leverage deep neural networks and domain-specific insight. 
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  3. null (Ed.)